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HMS Boreas (H77)
HMS ''Boreas'' was a destroyer built for the Royal Navy around 1930. Initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet, she was transferred to the Home Fleet in 1936. The ship then patrolled Spanish waters enforcing the arms blockade during the first year of the Spanish Civil War of 1936–39. She spent most of World War II on convoy escort duties in the English Channel and the North Atlantic, based at Dover, Gibraltar, and Freetown, Sierra Leone. ''Boreas'' also served two brief tours with the Mediterranean Fleet and participated in Operation Husky, the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. She was loaned to the Royal Hellenic Navy the next year after conversion into an escort destroyer. She was renamed ''Salamis'' and served in the Aegean for the rest of the war. ''Salamis'' became a training ship after the war until she was returned to Britain and scrapped in 1951.
==Description==
''Boreas'' displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of .〔 She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines,〔 driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum boilers. ''Boreas'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at .〔Whitley, p. 99〕 The ship's complement was 134 officers and enlisted men, although it increased to 142 during wartime.〔Friedman, p. 298〕
The ship mounted four 45-calibre quick-firing (QF) 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, ''Boreas'' had two QF 2-pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on a platform between her funnels. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for torpedoes.〔 One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.〔English, p. 141〕 The ship was fitted with a Type 119 ASDIC set to detect submarines through sound waves beamed into the water that would reflect off the submarine.〔Friedman, p. 205〕
By October 1940, the ship's AA armament was increased when the rear set of torpedo tubes was replaced by a AA gun and 'Y' gun was removed to compensate for the additional depth charges added.〔Friedman, pp. 237, 241〕 ''Boreas'' was converted to an escort destroyer in late 1943 with the replacement of the 12-pounder high-angle gun with additional depth charge stowage. The 2-pounder mounts were replaced during the war by autocannon. Four additional Oerlikon guns were added in the forward superstructure for a total of six guns.〔Whitley, p. 100〕〔Lenton, p. 153〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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